A.3 R come calcolatrice

\( \newcommand{\comma}{\textrm{,}} \newcommand{\period}{\textrm{.}} \newcommand{\bra}[1]{\left( #1 \right)} \newcommand{\sqa}[1]{\left[ #1 \right]} \newcommand{\cur}[1]{\left\{ #1 \right\}} \newcommand{\ang}[1]{\left< #1 \right>} \newcommand{\abs}[1]{\left| #1 \right|} \newcommand{\nor}[1]{\left\| #1 \right\|} \newcommand{\prob}{\mathbb{P}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\cN}{\mathcal{N}} \newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\cA}{\mathcal{A}} \newcommand{\cB}{\mathcal{B}} \newcommand{\cD}{\mathbb{D}} \newcommand{\cF}{\mathcal{F}} \newcommand{\cT}{\mathcal{T}} \newcommand{\esp}[1]{\mathbb{E}\sqa{#1}} \newcommand{\E}[1]{\mathbb{E}\sqa{#1}} \newcommand{\Var}[1]{\operatorname{Var}\bra{#1}} \newcommand{\Cov}[1]{\operatorname{Cov}\bra{#1}} \newcommand{\SUR}{\operatorname{SUR}} \newcommand{\CDF}{\operatorname{CDF}} \newcommand{\MGF}{\operatorname{MGF}} \newcommand{\map}{\operatorname{MAP}} \newcommand{\mle}{\operatorname{MLE}} \newcommand{\ols}{\operatorname{OLS}} \)

Il primo uso che possiamo fare di R è una calcolatrice in cui molte funzioni e costanti matematiche sono già disponibili.

3 + 4 * (1 + 2)

## [1] 15

2^2

## [1] 4

2^2

## [1] 4

sqrt(2)

## [1] 1.414214

2^(1/2)

## [1] 1.414214

pi

## [1] 3.141593

sin(pi)

## [1] 1.224647e-16

exp(log(2))

## [1] 2

log(0)

## [1] -Inf

0/1

## [1] 0

1/0

## [1] Inf

0/0

## [1] NaN